[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"topic-ustroystvo-pk-i-seti":3,"topic-questions-ustroystvo-pk-i-seti":12},{"id":4,"name":5,"slug":6,"description":7,"emoji":8,"color":9,"sortOrder":10,"questionCount":11,"knownCount":10,"learningCount":10,"weakCount":10},7,"Устройство ПК и сети","ustroystvo-pk-i-seti","Вопросы по теме Устройство ПК и сети","🖥️","sky",0,46,[13,28,33,42,47,58,68,73,81,86,95,106,115,125,130,141,152,157,167,172,182,193,198,209,214,225,230,240,248,253,265,275,284,294,303,311,321,332,344,354,363,373,384,392,402,412],{"id":14,"slug":15,"question":16,"difficulty":17,"tags":18,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1145,"iz-kakikh-osnovnykh-komponentov-sostoit-personalnyy-kompyuter","Из каких основных компонентов состоит персональный компьютер?","junior",[19,20,21,22,23,24,25],"SSD","computer-fundamentals","CPU","HDD","материнская плата","RAM","hardware",null,false,{"id":29,"slug":30,"question":31,"difficulty":17,"tags":32,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},216,"iz-kakikh-osnovnykh-komponentov-sostoit-personalnyy-kompyuter-grade-junior","Из каких основных компонентов состоит персональный компьютер? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[19,20,21,22,23,24,25],{"id":34,"slug":35,"question":36,"difficulty":17,"tags":37,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1146,"chto-takoe-protsessor-cpu-chto-takoe-yadra-potoki-taktovaya-chastota","Что такое процессор (CPU)? Что такое ядра, потоки, тактовая частота?",[38,39,20,21,40,41],"ядра","потоки","тактовая частота","Hyper-Threading",{"id":43,"slug":44,"question":45,"difficulty":17,"tags":46,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},217,"chto-takoe-protsessor-cpu-chto-takoe-yadra-potoki-taktovaya-chastota-grade-junior","Что такое процессор (CPU)? Что такое ядра, потоки, тактовая частота? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[38,39,20,21,40,41],{"id":48,"slug":49,"question":50,"difficulty":17,"tags":51,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1147,"chto-takoe-kesh-protsessora-l1-l2-l3","Что такое кэш процессора (L1, L2, L3)?",[52,53,54,55,56,20,21,57],"cache line","L1","кэш","L2","L3","false sharing",{"id":59,"slug":60,"question":61,"difficulty":62,"tags":63,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},218,"kak-cpu-vypolnyaet-instruktsii-opishite-tsikl-fetch-decode-execute-grade-junior","Как CPU выполняет инструкции? Опишите цикл fetch-decode-execute \u003C!-- grade: junior -->","middle",[64,65,20,66,21,67],"pipeline","out-of-order","fetch-decode-execute","ALU",{"id":69,"slug":70,"question":71,"difficulty":62,"tags":72,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1148,"kak-cpu-vypolnyaet-instruktsii-opishite-tsikl-fetch-decode-execute","Как CPU выполняет инструкции? Опишите цикл fetch-decode-execute",[64,65,20,66,21,67],{"id":74,"slug":75,"question":76,"difficulty":62,"tags":77,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},219,"chto-takoe-konveyer-protsessora-pipeline-grade-middle","Что такое конвейер процессора (pipeline)? \u003C!-- grade: middle -->",[64,78,79,20,21,80],"branch prediction","hazard","конвейеризация",{"id":82,"slug":83,"question":84,"difficulty":62,"tags":85,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1149,"chto-takoe-konveyer-protsessora-pipeline","Что такое конвейер процессора (pipeline)?",[64,78,79,20,21,80],{"id":87,"slug":88,"question":89,"difficulty":17,"tags":90,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1150,"kak-rabotaet-operativnaya-pamyat-ram","Как работает оперативная память (RAM)?",[91,20,92,93,24,94],"DDR","DRAM","память","адресация",{"id":96,"slug":97,"question":98,"difficulty":62,"tags":99,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1151,"chto-takoe-virtualnaya-pamyat","Что такое виртуальная память?",[100,101,102,20,103,104,105],"MMU","page fault","swap","paging","TLB","виртуальная память",{"id":107,"slug":108,"question":109,"difficulty":17,"tags":110,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1152,"chem-otlichayutsya-hdd-i-ssd","Чем отличаются HDD и SSD?",[111,112,19,20,22,113,114],"накопители","NVMe","IOPS","SATA",{"id":116,"slug":117,"question":118,"difficulty":17,"tags":119,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1153,"kakie-sistemy-schisleniya-ispolzuyutsya-v-kompyuterakh","Какие системы счисления используются в компьютерах?",[120,20,121,122,123,124],"binary","hex","two's complement","двоичная система","шестнадцатеричная",{"id":126,"slug":127,"question":128,"difficulty":17,"tags":129,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},220,"kakie-sistemy-schisleniya-ispolzuyutsya-v-kompyuterakh-grade-junior","Какие системы счисления используются в компьютерах? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[120,20,121,122,123,124],{"id":131,"slug":132,"question":133,"difficulty":17,"tags":134,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1154,"chto-takoe-pobitovye-operatsii","Что такое побитовые операции?",[135,136,137,138,20,139,140],"сдвиг","OR","побитовые операции","AND","XOR","битовые маски",{"id":142,"slug":143,"question":144,"difficulty":17,"tags":145,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1155,"chto-takoe-kodirovki-simvolov-chem-otlichayutsya-ascii-utf-8-utf-16","Что такое кодировки символов? Чем отличаются ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16?",[146,147,148,149,20,150,151],"Unicode","кодировки","UTF-16","UTF-8","ASCII","Compact Strings",{"id":153,"slug":154,"question":155,"difficulty":17,"tags":156,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},221,"chto-takoe-kodirovki-simvolov-chem-otlichayutsya-ascii-utf-8-utf-16-grade-junior","Что такое кодировки символов? Чем отличаются ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[146,147,148,149,20,150,151],{"id":158,"slug":159,"question":160,"difficulty":17,"tags":161,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1156,"chto-delaet-operatsionnaya-sistema-kakovy-eyo-osnovnye-funktsii","Что делает операционная система? Каковы её основные функции?",[162,163,164,165,166,20],"операционная система","управление процессами","syscall","ОС","kernel",{"id":168,"slug":169,"question":170,"difficulty":17,"tags":171,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},222,"chto-delaet-operatsionnaya-sistema-kakovy-eyo-osnovnye-funktsii-grade-junior","Что делает операционная система? Каковы её основные функции? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[162,163,164,165,166,20],{"id":173,"slug":174,"question":175,"difficulty":17,"tags":176,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1157,"chem-otlichaetsya-protsess-ot-potoka","Чем отличается процесс от потока?",[177,178,20,179,180,181],"virtual threads","context switch","thread","процесс","поток",{"id":183,"slug":184,"question":185,"difficulty":62,"tags":186,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},223,"chto-takoe-planirovshchik-protsessov-scheduler-grade-middle","Что такое планировщик процессов (scheduler)? \u003C!-- grade: middle -->",[187,188,189,190,191,20,192],"I\u002FO-bound","scheduler","CFS","CPU-bound","планировщик","Round Robin",{"id":194,"slug":195,"question":196,"difficulty":62,"tags":197,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1158,"chto-takoe-planirovshchik-protsessov-scheduler","Что такое планировщик процессов (scheduler)?",[187,188,189,190,191,20,192],{"id":199,"slug":200,"question":201,"difficulty":62,"tags":202,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},224,"chto-takoe-mezhprotsessnoe-vzaimodeystvie-ipc-grade-middle","Что такое межпроцессное взаимодействие (IPC)? \u003C!-- grade: middle -->",[203,204,20,205,206,207,208],"сигналы","семафоры","sockets","IPC","pipes","shared memory",{"id":210,"slug":211,"question":212,"difficulty":62,"tags":213,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1159,"chto-takoe-mezhprotsessnoe-vzaimodeystvie-ipc","Что такое межпроцессное взаимодействие (IPC)?",[203,204,20,205,206,207,208],{"id":215,"slug":216,"question":217,"difficulty":17,"tags":218,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1160,"chto-takoe-faylovaya-sistema-kakie-faylovye-sistemy-vy-znaete","Что такое файловая система? Какие файловые системы вы знаете?",[219,220,221,222,20,223,224],"inode","FAT32","журналирование","NTFS","файловая система","ext4",{"id":226,"slug":227,"question":228,"difficulty":17,"tags":229,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},225,"chto-takoe-faylovaya-sistema-kakie-faylovye-sistemy-vy-znaete-grade-junior","Что такое файловая система? Какие файловые системы вы знаете? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[219,220,221,222,20,223,224],{"id":231,"slug":232,"question":233,"difficulty":17,"tags":234,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1161,"kakie-sushchestvuyut-urovni-modeli-osi","Какие существуют уровни модели OSI?",[235,55,56,20,236,237,238,239],"OSI","L4","сетевая модель","L7","инкапсуляция",{"id":241,"slug":242,"question":243,"difficulty":17,"tags":244,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},226,"chto-takoe-model-tcp-ip-i-chem-ona-otlichaetsya-ot-osi-grade-junior","Что такое модель TCP\u002FIP и чем она отличается от OSI? \u003C!-- grade: junior -->",[235,245,20,237,246,247],"Ethernet","TCP\u002FIP","Internet",{"id":249,"slug":250,"question":251,"difficulty":17,"tags":252,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},1162,"chto-takoe-model-tcp-ip-i-chem-ona-otlichaetsya-ot-osi","Что такое модель TCP\u002FIP и чем она отличается от OSI?",[235,245,20,237,246,247],{"id":254,"slug":255,"question":256,"difficulty":17,"tags":257,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},227,"chto-takoe-ethernet-mac-adres-kommutator-i-arp","Что такое Ethernet, MAC-адрес, коммутатор и ARP?",[258,259,260,261,262,263,264],"ethernet","коммутатор","сети","l2","arp","mac-адрес","канальный-уровень",{"id":266,"slug":267,"question":268,"difficulty":17,"tags":269,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},228,"chto-takoe-ip-adresatsiya-chem-otlichayutsya-ipv4-i-ipv6","Что такое IP-адресация? Чем отличаются IPv4 и IPv6?",[270,260,271,272,273,274,94],"ipv4","ipv6","ip","l3","сетевой-уровень",{"id":276,"slug":277,"question":278,"difficulty":17,"tags":279,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},229,"chto-takoe-maska-podseti-i-cidr-kak-razbivat-set-na-podseti","Что такое маска подсети и CIDR? Как разбивать сеть на подсети?",[280,260,272,281,282,283],"подсети","маска-подсети","cidr","subnetting",{"id":285,"slug":286,"question":287,"difficulty":17,"tags":288,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},230,"chem-otlichayutsya-tcp-i-udp","Чем отличаются TCP и UDP?",[289,290,260,291,292,293],"tcp","udp","l4","транспортный-уровень","протоколы",{"id":295,"slug":296,"question":297,"difficulty":17,"tags":298,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},231,"chto-takoe-tryokhstoronnee-rukopozhatie-three-way-handshake","Что такое трёхстороннее рукопожатие (three-way handshake)?",[289,260,299,300,301,302],"соединение","ack","syn","three-way-handshake",{"id":304,"slug":305,"question":306,"difficulty":17,"tags":307,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},232,"chto-takoe-porty-kakie-well-known-porty-vy-znaete","Что такое порты? Какие well-known порты вы знаете?",[289,290,308,260,309,310],"endpoint","well-known-порты","порты",{"id":312,"slug":313,"question":314,"difficulty":17,"tags":315,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},233,"kak-rabotaet-dns","Как работает DNS?",[316,317,260,318,319,320],"кэширование","доменные-имена","dns","резолвинг","ttl",{"id":322,"slug":323,"question":324,"difficulty":17,"tags":325,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},234,"kakie-tipy-dns-zapisey-sushchestvuyut","Какие типы DNS-записей существуют?",[326,327,328,260,329,318,330,331],"a-запись","txt","ns","cname","dns-записи","mx",{"id":333,"slug":334,"question":335,"difficulty":17,"tags":336,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},235,"kak-rabotaet-http-https-chto-takoe-tls","Как работает HTTP\u002FHTTPS? Что такое TLS?",[337,260,338,339,340,341,342,343],"x509","сертификат","http","tls","https","ssl","шифрование",{"id":345,"slug":346,"question":347,"difficulty":62,"tags":348,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},236,"chem-otlichayutsya-http-1-1-http-2-i-http-3","Чем отличаются HTTP\u002F1.1, HTTP\u002F2 и HTTP\u002F3?",[260,339,349,350,351,352,353],"http2","http3","quic","мультиплексирование","hpack",{"id":355,"slug":356,"question":357,"difficulty":62,"tags":358,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},237,"chto-takoe-websocket-i-chem-on-otlichaetsya-ot-http","Что такое WebSocket и чем он отличается от HTTP?",[359,260,360,339,361,362],"real-time","websocket","full-duplex","spring-websocket",{"id":364,"slug":365,"question":366,"difficulty":17,"tags":367,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},238,"chto-takoe-nat-i-zachem-on-nuzhen","Что такое NAT и зачем он нужен?",[368,369,370,270,260,371,372],"nat","dnat","pat","snat","маршрутизатор",{"id":374,"slug":375,"question":376,"difficulty":17,"tags":377,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},239,"kak-rabotaet-marshrutizatsiya-chto-takoe-tablitsa-marshrutizatsii-i-default-gateway","Как работает маршрутизация? Что такое таблица маршрутизации и default gateway?",[378,379,380,260,381,382,383],"routing","longest-prefix-match","default-gateway","маршрутизация","bgp","ospf",{"id":385,"slug":386,"question":387,"difficulty":62,"tags":388,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},240,"kak-paket-prokhodit-put-ot-klienta-do-servera-cherez-set","Как пакет проходит путь от клиента до сервера через сеть?",[368,389,260,381,390,391,239,262],"osi","tcp-ip","пакет",{"id":393,"slug":394,"question":395,"difficulty":62,"tags":396,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},241,"chto-takoe-vpn-kakie-tipy-vpn-sushchestvuyut","Что такое VPN? Какие типы VPN существуют?",[397,398,260,399,400,401,343],"туннелирование","vpn","ipsec","wireguard","openvpn",{"id":403,"slug":404,"question":405,"difficulty":62,"tags":406,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},242,"chto-takoe-proxy-i-reverse-proxy","Что такое Proxy и Reverse Proxy?",[407,408,316,409,410,260,411],"proxy","reverse-proxy","nginx","tls-терминация","балансировка",{"id":413,"slug":414,"question":415,"difficulty":17,"tags":416,"topicId":4,"topicSlug":6,"topicName":5,"topicEmoji":8,"status":26,"starred":27},243,"chto-takoe-cdn-i-zachem-on-nuzhen","Что такое CDN и зачем он нужен?",[368,369,370,270,260,371,372]]